What is encryption in the context of information security?

Encryption in the context of information security refers to the process of converting data into a coded format that can only be read or processed by someone who has the appropriate decryption key. This method is essential for protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access, ensuring that even if data is intercepted, it remains unreadable without the proper credentials. Encryption serves as a fundamental approach to maintaining confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity in data communication and storage.

By transforming plaintext into ciphertext, encryption adds a layer of security that is crucial in a variety of contexts, such as secure communication channels, data storage, and protecting information transmitted over the Internet. Only authorized users, equipped with the correct decryption key, can access and utilize the information, thus preventing unauthorized access and data breaches.

Other options deal with different aspects of information security. For instance, restoring lost data refers to data recovery methods, changing access permissions pertains to access control management, and securing physical server locations focuses on the physical security of IT infrastructures. These are all important elements of a comprehensive security strategy but do not align with the specific definition of encryption.