At which CMMI level does an organization begin to define formal governance processes?

At CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) Level 3, an organization begins to implement and define formal governance processes. This level is characterized by the establishment of a defined process for managing projects, which goes beyond what is practiced at earlier levels. Organizations at this stage develop standardized processes that are documented and integrated into their operations, ensuring consistency in project execution and governance.

Level 3 requires organizations to establish a set of processes that can be tailored for use on various projects, enabling more systematic and controlled handling of workflows. This formalization enhances accountability and oversight, leading to improved performance and quality. By establishing governance structures, organizations can better manage risk, compliance, and organizational objectives.

In contrast, earlier levels do not focus on such structured processes, as they emphasize initial project management practices and establish basic project management capabilities without the formal governance structures seen at Level 3 and beyond. Levels 1 and 2 primarily deal with establishing basic controls and local insights into project management but do not reach the level of formalized governance structures that facilitate comprehensive oversight and organizational alignment.